After the ?....

I just want to know if this has a name, I am sure it is a php thing but it sort of falls under this catigory. Say you log into like an email account. It would have:

www.example.com/mail/whatever/?=..........

what elements is it pulling to do this?

I sort of have to do this for my shopping cart when people purchase, I am using a CRM that uses something like {productName}

So I am trying to make it like (for the css) :

.../css/theCSS.php?productname={productName}

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